精品推荐·《洪宪年制红地金彩双耳瓶》鉴赏解析
1915年12月，袁世凯称帝，改国号为“洪宪”。在袁世凯短暂的83天皇帝生涯里，景德镇曾马不停蹄地烧制了一批御用瓷，后来者将其统称为“洪宪瓷”。1916年初，袁世凯委派庶务司长郭葆昌（字世五）赴江西监烧洪宪御瓷。为了这批瓷器，他花费了140万大洋，折合白银约为一百万两。据郭葆昌的外孙马常先生回忆，这批瓷器约有四万件，也有记载称只有六千件。不论四万件还是六千件，分摊到每件瓷器上的成本都是非常高昂的。据清史档案记载，乾隆时期，景德镇御窑每年要上交瓷器四到五万件，而朝廷一年拨付的费用才三万两白银。洪宪瓷如此不计工本，当然备极精美，从这个意义上说，它也可以算是民国的官窑瓷器。
In December 1915, Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor and changed his country's name to "Hong Xian". During Yuan Shikai's 83-day emperor's short career, Jingdezhen fired a batch of imperial porcelain non-stop, which was later collectively referred to as "Hongxian Porcelain". At the beginning of 1916, Yuan Shikai appointed General Secretary Guo Baochang (Zi Shiwu) to supervise the burning of Hongxian imperial porcelain in Jiangxi. For this batch of porcelain, he spent 1.4 million oceans, equivalent to about one million taels of silver. According to Guo Baochang's grandson, Mr. Ma Chang, there were about 40,000 pieces of this batch of porcelain, and there are records that only 6,000 pieces. Regardless of 40,000 pieces or 6,000 pieces, the cost allocated to each piece of porcelain is very high. According to Qing history archives, during the Qianlong period, the Jingdezhen imperial kiln had to hand in 40,000 to 50,000 pieces of porcelain each year, while the imperial court paid only 30,000 taels of silver a year. Hongxian porcelain is so exquisite without regard to cost, of course it is extremely exquisite. In this sense, it can also be regarded as an official kiln porcelain of the Republic of China.
郭葆昌赴江西后，最先为袁世凯督烧 “居仁堂”款的瓷器。同时，他还为北洋军阀徐世昌（署“静远堂制”款）和曹锟（署“延庆楼制”款）各烧制了一批瓷器。主要有陈设瓶，杯、盘、碗等日用瓷以及成套的餐具。胎质细白而轻巧，釉面洁白润泽，器型精致玲珑，少有大件。这几批瓷器是同时烧造的，但因为用途不同，风格虽然类似，也不完全一致。
After Guo Baochang went to Jiangxi, he was the first to supervise Yuan Shikai to burn "Jurentang" porcelain. At the same time, he also fired a batch of porcelain for the Beiyang warlords Xu Shichang (under the "Jingyuantang system") and Cao Kun (under the "Yanqing Tower system"). Mainly display bottles, cups, plates, bowls and other daily-use porcelain, as well as a set of tableware. The fetus is fine white and light, the glazed surface is white and moist, the shape is exquisite and exquisite, and there are few large pieces. These batches of porcelain were fired at the same time, but because of their different uses, although the styles are similar, they are not exactly the same.
洪宪瓷是如此的精致玲珑，是民国时期瓷器烧造的最高水平。“洪宪”帝号转瞬即逝，洪宪瓷也极为稀有，而且它还带有袁世凯赋予它的传奇色彩。如此美丽脆弱、珍稀而又神秘的东西，既有艺术欣赏价值，又能满足人的猎奇心理，自然惹人垂涏。直到现在，也有些资料认为，“洪宪年制”、“洪宪年御制”款瓷器在袁世凯倒台以前就已经烧制，属于真正的洪宪御瓷。只是郭葆昌为人机警，才会对为袁世凯复辟烧制“开国瓷”这件并不光彩的事讳莫如深，拒不承认。其实，不管仿品制作得如何精细，始终不可能像真品那样不惜成本，不计代价。故宫博物院就收藏有一套署“居仁堂”款的餐具，包括大、中、小号盘、盆、碗、碟、酒杯、盅、勺等共十三种，，其数不全。据说当时一共烧制了三套，除袁世凯自用一套外，其余分赠了友人。
Hongxian porcelain is so exquisite and exquisite, it is the highest level of porcelain firing during the Republic of China. The "Hongxian" emperor was fleeting, and Hongxian porcelain was extremely rare, and it also had the legendary color that Yuan Shikai gave it. Such a beautiful, fragile, rare and mysterious thing, which not only has artistic appreciation value, but also satisfies people's curiosity psychology, naturally arouses people's attention. Until now, some sources believe that the porcelains of the "Hong Xiannian" and "Hong Xiannian Imperial" models were fired before Yuan Shikai's fall and belonged to the real Hong Xian imperial porcelain. It is only Guo Baochang who is alert and vigilant, and he will not admit the shameless matter of restoring and firing the "founding porcelain" for Yuan Shikai. In fact, no matter how elaborate the imitations are, it is impossible to do so at all costs and regardless of the cost like the genuine ones. The Palace Museum has a collection of tableware signed "Jurentang", including 13 types of large, medium and small plates, basins, bowls, plates, wine glasses, cups, and spoons. There are only which is not complete. . It is said that a total of three sets were fired at that time, except for Yuan Shikai's own use, the rest were given to friends. volume_upcontent_copyshare
袁世凯烧造洪宪瓷，是为了在登基大典上用。瓷器，在这里成了一种确立身份的象征——是皇帝，就必得有自己的御瓷。真正的洪宪瓷和洪宪朝一样短命，不论“居仁堂制”款的，还是“洪宪御制”“洪宪年制”款的，现在都已经成了洪宪瓷不可或缺的一部分，此洪宪年制红地金彩双耳瓶造型丰满浑厚，工艺十分精巧。釉面细腻光洁、红地纹鲜艳，予人美感，笔法活泼流畅，线条、花绘布局严谨，主次得当，层次分明，绘制工丽细致，气韵流畅，红釉发色艳丽，具有独特的艺术效果，具有极高的收藏投资价值与历史研究价值。
Yuan Shikai fired Hongxian porcelain for use in the ceremony of enthronement. Porcelain has become a status symbol here-to be an emperor, you must have your own imperial porcelain. The real Hong Xianci is as short-lived as Hong Xianchao. No matter the "Jurentang system" or the "Hongxian imperial system" or "Hongxiannian system", they have now become an indispensable part of Hong Xianci. This Hong Xiannian red ground gold color amphibian has a full-bodied shape and exquisite craftsmanship. The glaze is exquisite and clean, with bright red ground patterns, which gives people a sense of beauty. The brushwork is lively and smooth, the lines and flowers are rigorously laid out, the primary and secondary are appropriate, the levels are clear, the drawing is meticulous, the charm is smooth, the red glaze hair color is gorgeous, and it has a unique art Effect, has extremely high collection investment value and historical research value.
