精品推荐·神秘的《和田玉镂空花卉纹玉璧》鉴赏解析

和田玉，“中国四大名玉”之一（其三为陕西蓝田玉、辽宁岫玉和河南独山玉）。传统狭义范畴特指新疆和田地区出产的玉石，以和田“子料”为代表闻名于世；广义的和田玉指软玉（真玉）。和田玉虽然因新疆和田而命名，但其本身不是地域概念，并非特指新疆和田地区出产的玉，而是一类产品的名称。中国把透闪石成分占98%以上的石头都命名为和田玉，都在国标范围内。

秦始皇统一中国的时候，和田玉因产于昆仑山被称为“昆山之玉”，以后又因位于“于阗国”境内而被称为“于阗玉”。直到清光绪九年（1883年）设立和田直隶州时，才被正式命名为“和田玉”。

Hetian jade, one of the “Four Famous Jade in China” (the third is Shaanxi Lantian jade, Liaoning Xiuyu and Henan Dushan jade). The traditional narrow sense specifically refers to the jade produced in the Hotan region of Xinjiang, and is famous for its representative of the "child material" of Hotan; the broad sense of Hotan jade refers to nephrite (true jade). Although Hotan Jade is named after Hotan in Xinjiang, it is not a geographical concept in itself, not specifically referring to jade produced in Hotan in Xinjiang, but the name of a class of products. China names the stones with tremolite composition above 98% as Hetian jade, which are all within the scope of the national standard.

When Emperor Qin Shihuang unified China, Hetian jade was known as "Kunshan jade" because it was produced in Kunlun Mountain, and was later called "Yutian jade" because it was located in the "Yutian Kingdom". It was not until the establishment of Hetian Zhili Prefecture in the 9th year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1883) that it was officially named "Hetian jade".

清代玉工善于借鉴绘画、雕刻、工艺美术的成就，集阴线、阳线、镂空、俏色等多种传统做工及历代的艺术风格之大成。并吸收了外来艺术影响，加以糅合变通，创造并发展了工艺性、装饰性极强的治玉工艺，有着鲜明的时代特点和较高的艺术造诣。

The Qing Dynasty jade workers were good at drawing on the achievements of painting, carving, and arts and crafts, and collected a variety of traditional workmanship such as Yinxian, Yangxian, hollowing, and pretty colors, and the achievements of the artistic styles of the past dynasties. It has absorbed the influence of foreign arts, blended and modified it, and created and developed a jade-making process with strong craftsmanship and decoration. It has distinctive characteristics of the times and high artistic accomplishments.

和田玉亦用来比喻君子的美好品德是众所周知的事，其实从古至今，和田玉还常常当作情人间表示爱慕的信物。《诗经·卫风·木瓜》中写道:"投我以木瓜，报之以琼琚，匪报也，永以为好也。"《诗经·郑风·女曰鸡鸣》当中也有写道:"知子之来之，杂佩以赠之;知子之顺之，杂佩以问之;知子之好之，杂佩以报之。"其中琼、琚、杂佩都是玉的配件，在情人当中作为信物赠送。

It is well known that Hotan Jade is also used as a metaphor for the good qualities of gentlemen. In fact, since ancient times, Hotan Jade has often been used as a token of love among lovers. "The Book of Songs·Weifeng·Papaya" wrote: "To vote for me with papaya, to Qiongju, and to the bandits, and always think it's good." "The Book of Songs · Zheng Feng · Nv Yueming" also wrote: "The son of Zhizi comes from Zhapei as a gift; the son of Zhizi comes along and Zhapei asks about it; the best of Zhizi, Zipei repays it." Among them, Qiong, Ju and Zapei are all accessories of jade. It was presented as a token.

古医书称"玉乃石之美者，味甘性平无毒"，并称玉是人体蓄养元气最充沛的物质。玉石不仅作为首饰、摆饰、装饰之用，还用于养生健体。自古各朝各代帝王嫔妃养生不离玉，而宋徽宗嗜玉成癖，杨贵妃含玉镇暑，玉为枕而脑聪，古代皇帝就喜欢用玉做枕头，向中国古代长寿的皇帝都久用玉枕。

古老的医学经典《黄帝内经》、《唐本草》、《神农本草》、《本草纲目》均称和田玉可"滋阴气、壮肾阳、除中热、解烦懑、润心肺、助声喉、滋毛发、养五脏、安魂魄、疏血脉、明耳目"。

玉石不但能美化人们的生活，陶冶性情，而且祛病保健。其产品直接用于健身保健的有:玉枕、玉垫、健身球、按摩器、手杖、玉梳，对人体具有养颜、镇静、安神之疗效。

The ancient medical book called "Jade is the beauty of stone, sweet and non-toxic", and said that jade is the most abundant substance for the human body to cultivate vitality. Jade is not only used for jewelry, ornaments, and decoration, but also for keeping healthy. Since ancient times, the emperors and concubines of all generations have maintained their health without jade, and Song Huizong is addicted to jade, Yang Guifei has jade town heat, and jade is a pillow for brains. Ancient emperors like to use jade as a pillow. Use jade pillows.

The ancient medical classics "Huangdi Neijing", "Tang Materia Medica", "Shen Nong Materia Medica" and "Compendium of Materia Medica" all call Hetian Yuke "nourishing yin, strengthening the kidney and yang, removing heat, relieving troubles, moisturizing the heart and lungs, and helping the sound Throat, nourishing hair, nourishing the five internal organs, rejuvenating the soul, relieving blood vessels, clear ears and eyes".

Jade can not only beautify people's lives, cultivate temperament, but also cure diseases. Its products are directly used in fitness and health care: jade pillows, jade cushions, fitness balls, massagers, walking sticks, jade combs, which have the effects of nourishing, calming and calming the human body.

此《和田玉镂空花卉纹玉壁》工艺精美绝伦，制作技法精湛，综合运用浮雕、浅浮雕、双勾刻绘等多种技法，布局有致，结构考究，层次分明。刻绘手法娴熟自如，纹饰线条流畅自然，图案灵动，立体感强，极富装饰效果，彰显了制玉匠人卓越脱俗、深功博古的超凡功力。选材精良，玉色浓烈并带有大幅铁锈红花纹，玉质细腻，包浆莹润，良材美质，佳器天成，加以精妙雕工，清朝玉器之雍容华美尽显于此，具有极高的收藏投资价值和文化研究价值。

This "Hetian jade hollow flower pattern jade wall" is exquisite in craftsmanship, exquisite production techniques, comprehensive use of relief, bas-relief, double hook engraving and other techniques, with a well-defined layout, sophisticated structure and distinct levels. The carving technique is skillful, the lines of the decoration are smooth and natural, the pattern is flexible, the three-dimensional sense is strong, and the decoration effect is very rich, which demonstrates the extraordinary skills of the jade craftsmen. Excellent selection of materials, strong jade color with large rust red pattern, fine jade texture, enveloping luster, good quality materials, beautiful craftsmanship, exquisite carvings, the grace of the Qing Dynasty jade is magnificent and shows here, with a very high Collect investment value and cultural research value.